CL 3/12

My initial reaction to the film is that the multiliteracies used in the film all help compile the narrative of the story and how the director wants the viewer to feel towards certain characters and their situations. The discourse community that is attached to this film would be those who take part in the practices of white supremacy. This is due to the films outlook towards the Ku Klux Klan and societies “need” for white supremacy.

Hw 3/3

In W.E.B. Du Bois’ Strivings of the Negro People, he talks about the double consciousness that African Americans struggle to overcome. This double consciousness is the splitting of a person believing two viewpoints of a society. The double consciousness that African Americans struggle to deal with can hurt them from their adolescent lives to detest the world around them in adulthood. ____Du Bois explains how the African male has a past full of battles in a war for freedom. Those who are combating for their future and ability to act with sovereignty without a split identity. The African male must accept the beliefs of his peers but more importantly should accept his own perspective as well. “The history of the African Negro is the history of this strife, this longing to attain self-consciousness manhood, to merge his double self into a better and truer self.”____The double consciousness that developed the African youths helped to inspire the community that pushed for more. Du Bois clarifies how this helped find a higher meaning to freedom of life and work and most importantly the freedom to think. “The second decade of the American Negro’s freedom was a period of conflict, of inspiration and doubt, of faith and vain questionings,”____Du Bois was undoubtedly writing this piece with an empathetic impression. By looking at the perspective of the average African American and portraying the internal struggle that’s within the group Du Bois gained the readers attention. Du Bois evoked all of his readers to not just think of themselves. The sudden switch of perspective was striking for readers at the time. “With other black boys the strife was not so fiercely sunny: their youth shrunk into tasteless sycophancy, or into silent hatred of the pale world about them mocking distrust of everything white” ___Du Bois persuaded his readers with an effective use of Pathos writing. Compelling the reader to think of others in his or her community and to feel compassion. This way of writing was effective because of the condition of African Americans. A majority of Americans understood the difference in lifestyles between a white man and an African man but because of the way Du Bois wrote about the hardships and dealing with double consciousness many readers felt empathic. 

4/16

CL 4/14

HW 4/9

The current situation that American somoa, and the people of Guam and Puerto Rico is a disgusting situation that should not even exist in todays politics. We occupy their land with military bases and occupy their people with military positions as well only to disrespect their people yet again to give their veterans the bottom of the bucket in Veteran health care. At least give the people the ability to vote for their leader. They fly our flag, so we should give them the respect that they rightfully deserve. Giving a quarter of their land and people is more than enough payment for voting rights. This situation should have been changed a hundred and forty years ago but because of how sluggish the American government really is. The original decision was supposed to make it temporary but look how long that has taken with all the technological advancements we’ve made as a people in this time. The laws that white supremacists made long ago are still affecting the relationships we hold today with other territories and nations. Everything doesn’t have to change but there should still be some adjustments to our current positions

CL 4/7 Assignment 2 Genre

Unfortunately I lost my work. So here goes a second try. In the film its obvious that the film is a propaganda film basing of the discourse community of white supremacy. This can be seen as Both the black character Gus and the Mulatto character are both the antagonists of the film an bring disorder to the community. Gus is portrayed as a violent character filled with lust and aggression while the mixed/mulatto character is dangerous because he can be as conniving as a white man but with the ill intentions of a black man. The discourse community of white supremacists saw this film as a clear depiction of what the world was and generally agreed upon its structure and storytelling as accurate. The linguistic diversity that the film portrays gives the common man the ability to become apart of this discourse community. Speaking the common mans language unlike the white suprematists scientific community. The propaganda film for the Ku Klux Klan became widely popular and was even played in the White House for the president. This outraged the Black community as this propaganda film (originally called the Klansman) for the Ku Klux Klan was being played in the White House.

Hw 4/2

CL 1/16

• I chose to go to UCBA because it is affordable and gives me more opportunities to meet new people on two campuses.
• I chose this class because the reviews for the class are very positive and it fits my schedule.
• Im from Dayton Ohio
• I chose to go to the Cincinnati area because it is the perfect distance to grow as an individual person apart from my family but also still connect with them when I visit.
• My major is Organizational leadership but I am not fully decided on it yet.
• I really enjoy soccer and caring for animals, I’ve donated a lot of my time at the Montgomery animal shelter located in Dayton. I feel a compassion to animals because unlike people they carry and innocence to them.
• One thing I can do that most people wouldn’t guess is that I can stand on my fingers and do push ups.
• The construction aspect would be something I thrive in but also the marketing aspect of a brochure because I have made countless brochures for other classes and have already completed my marketing class.

Cl 4/2

1. The Guardian newspaper was made in response of the birth of a nation.
2. It was a legitimate voice for African Americans and challenged booker g Washington as this was an intelligent way to disprove any hateful/false statements made by Washington.
3. Dubois’ opinion of a neutral stance in the argument was beginning to change. Trotter wanted immediate action while Dubois had a different strategy.
4. First beginning with a desperate campaign of sending notes and letters to censorship boards. Then they refilled The Birth of a Nation with a black director including the most offensive scenes of the original film.
5. The lynching of African Americans was often overlooked by police and high authorities. The motivations backed by Birth of a nation as in the film Gus is killed for his actions against Flora motivate the viewers to also take action against black Americans. The similarities are there and the motivations are painfully obvious. These lynchings caused by the film a united the black leaders to forget their differences and ironically birthed a new nation of 10,000 africans all agreeing on the same subject.

Hw 3/31

The man who looks like sam Eliot was going to bash his daughter because she held realties with a black man which he and the klan did not approve of either. The fears of intermixing show that the times it was filmed during did not approve of the relationship and that the discourse community was large. The woman who was held hostage was also about to get her head bashed in for defending her sister. The ending where every lives happily every after under a white supremacists ideal structure of society. The entire film puts the idea of a white man being the right man shows the current ideals of society at the time.

Cl 3/31

1. Gus is a white man costumed as a black man with black face paint over his face and arms. I’m guessing the director wanted us to not like Gus based on the filtered color and him creepily watching Flora. 2. Flora is costumed very innocently. The audience should care about her well being. She is seen enjoying the surrounding nature. 3. The lighting makes Gus seem unpredictable. As if you’re not going to know what Gus is going to do next. 4. The lightening from the perspective of Flora makes her situation seem frightened from an oncoming storm. The same unpredictable sense you get from Gus makes you worry for the safety of Flora. 5. Gus walks in an abnormal fashion. One that would seem crooked. This implies that he is not someone with a suitable stature as he is wanting to not be seen by Flora which is how a predator acts as he does not want to be seen by his prey. 6. She is captured by natures beauty and is seen messing with a squirrel. The way she is dressed also implies she is someone of a young age. 7. The musical tone becomes deeper with quick strokes (similar to the musical tone when Jaws the great white is coming). Floras musical tone was lighthearted with a higher pitches tone.
2. 8. As Floras brother(Ben) finds the jacket the musical tone follows the chase scene as he frantically searches for his sister following their tracks. This gives the viewer urgency as a rising action is happening.
3. 9. The common discourse communities at the time generally agreed upon the ideas that presented African Americans in this film. Often painting them as violent beings of lust rather than people. It was so common among readers and viewers that the average American would agree with how the film portrayed Gus.

Hw 3/26

Auteur- is a French word for the word for author. Typically used by critics. Diegesis is derived from the greek meaning narrative. This infers the the plot and the background of the world that is being filmed. Editing joins together two filmstrips in order to develop a new ways of transitioning form one shot to another.

CL 3/26

Applying the work of Swales and Mirabelli, how do you think the discourse communities of law and science shaped the multi-literacies, thinking, and imaginations of audiences watching Birth of a Nation? The discourse communities of law and science shaped the viewers perspective towards an empathetic tone. You can see this because of the tone of music and blue shading when the camera is facing the women and children to emphasize their pain and struggle with the civil war. The same musical and visual tone can be seen when the camera faces the soldiers in battle. The red exhibits the violence and intensity of the battlefield. This orchestration helps the viewers imagination connect the story and emotions they should be feeling with each scene. The iris of the film gives the director the ability to set expectations and the further explain an untold truth that has not been revealed yet in the story. Crosscutting otherwise known and parallel editing is when two lines of action are occurring to separate characters in different locations typically. This occurs with the women and children and the confederate soldiers in the film, both being challenged by the battle but in different ways. the soldiers suffering the battle while the women and children grieving/distressed. This stresses the similarities of the characters. Typage is the selection of actors based on their physical features. This can be seen in the film as the director is the son of a confederate soldier and therefore has ties to the confederate army and its history. Decor is the background and scenes of the film to make it seem more authentic to the viewers. Costume refers towards the clothing the actors are wearing in order to more relate to their roles and the overall film. The director Griffith, wants the viewers to be rooting for Lydia and Lynch, the tone of the music and lines of the man everyone is surrounded around (ring leader) gives his approval towards Lynch and an optimistic tune begins to play as Lydia happily dances alone in a private room after introducing the two. (In 19-21minuet) the scene feeling a sadness after Lydia drops the hat of the man she is helping. After he disapproves of her help she falls into a distressed state. The tone of music and costumes give a great deal of information on who is of high status and who is not.

Assignment One Second Draft

In W.E.B. Du Bois’ Strivings of the Negro People, he talks about the double consciousness that African Americans struggle to overcome. This double consciousness is the splitting of a person believing two viewpoints of a society. The double consciousness that African Americans struggle to deal with can hurt them from their adolescent lives to detest the world around them in adulthood. 

            Du Bois explains how the African male has a past full of battles in a war for freedom. Those who are combating for their future and ability to act with sovereignty without a split identity. The African male must accept the beliefs of his peers but more importantly should accept his own perspective as well. “The history of the African Negro is the history of this strife, this longing to attain self-consciousness manhood, to merge his double self into a better and truer self.”143 

The double consciousness that developed the African youths helped to inspire the community that pushed for more. Du Bois clarifies how this helped find a higher meaning to freedom of life and work and most importantly the freedom to think. “The second decade of the American Negro’s freedom was a period of conflict, of inspiration and doubt, of faith and vain questionings,” 148 The conflict caused by a discourse community of white supremacists. These supremacists initiated a long dispute between two groups of people that would affect even the younger minds of both communities. 

Du Bois was undoubtedly writing this piece with an empathetic impression. By looking at the perspective of the average African American and portraying the internal struggle that’s within the group Du Bois gained the readers attention. Du Bois evoked all of his readers to not just think of themselves. The sudden switch of perspective was striking for readers at the time. “With other black boys the strife was not so fiercely sunny: their youth shrunk into tasteless sycophancy, or into silent hatred of the pale world about them mocking distrust of everything white” 143

Du Bois persuaded his readers with an effective use of Ethos writing. Compelling the reader to think of others in his or her community and to feel compassion. This way of writing was effective because of the condition of African Americans. A majority of Americans understood the difference in lifestyles between a white man and an African man but because of the way Du Bois wrote about the hardships and dealing with double consciousness many readers felt empathic. What Du Bois was attempting with his writing was to move his readers emotionally. Connecting his own personal experiences so his readers could empathize with him.

Assignment One First Draft 350

In W.E.B. Du Bois’ Strivings of the Negro People, he talks about the double consciousness that African Americans struggle to overcome. This double consciousness is the splitting of a person believing two viewpoints of a society. The double consciousness that African Americans struggle to deal with can hurt them from their adolescent lives to detest the world around them in adulthood. ____Du Bois explains how the African male has a past full of battles in a war for freedom. Those who are combating for their future and ability to act with sovereignty without a split identity. The African male must accept the beliefs of his peers but more importantly should accept his own perspective as well. “The history of the African Negro is the history of this strife, this longing to attain self-consciousness manhood, to merge his double self into a better and truer self.”____The double consciousness that developed the African youths helped to inspire the community that pushed for more. Du Bois clarifies how this helped find a higher meaning to freedom of life and work and most importantly the freedom to think. “The second decade of the American Negro’s freedom was a period of conflict, of inspiration and doubt, of faith and vain questionings,”____Du Bois was undoubtedly writing this piece with an empathetic impression. By looking at the perspective of the average African American and portraying the internal struggle that’s within the group Du Bois gained the readers attention. Du Bois evoked all of his readers to not just think of themselves. The sudden switch of perspective was striking for readers at the time. “With other black boys the strife was not so fiercely sunny: their youth shrunk into tasteless sycophancy, or into silent hatred of the pale world about them mocking distrust of everything white” ___Du Bois persuaded his readers with an effective use of Pathos writing. Compelling the reader to think of others in his or her community and to feel compassion. This way of writing was effective because of the condition of African Americans. A majority of Americans understood the difference in lifestyles between a white man and an African man but because of the way Du Bois wrote about the hardships and dealing with double consciousness many readers felt empathic. 

CL 3/3

Discourse community of white supremacy Warrant- unspoken writer thinks he shares w/ readers. The warrants are shaped through a discourse community . Argument style- (evidence, reason, format, genre,) comes from the discourse community. Knowledge is made through discourse and creates multiples for individual members to use. Rhetorical Triangle – Issue- The struggles of the African American faced against a country who does not want them.It seems he is trying to make America look at Blacks from their own perspective and to make the reader more empathetic towards blacks. Readers- white uneducated people who aren’t looking at others perspective. Writer- A well respected sociologist, historian, and civil rights activist. Gap- The lack of perspective/empathy of African lifestyle and ongoing persecution. Why this is a disadvantage and why access to both is important. He humanized his piece rather than using statistics. Claim- Black Americans are being denied rights that white Americans have. That there needs to be change, black children are growing up not knowing whether to hate themselves or not and its causing confusion is adolescent life. This confusion will eventually turn those same confused children to detest the white world they live in.

Hw 2/27

Some things I would like to include in the discussion covenant is that students should always try to make an effort to say their answers in class unless they feel their answer is completely off from the rest of class. Students should also not be afraid of asking questions when they’re confused. Between students and professors, there should be some light conversation that may involve classwork or not. Personally attacking ones ideas or views should in no way be in this classroom. Although is two individuals are at a disagreement a third party such as the professor should include him/herself to negate the conflict. Students are able to leave the class whenever they feel it is necessary. Always come to class prepared with something to say.

CL 2/27

The Race Question in the United States by John Tyler Morgan Morgan was a confederate general and a supporter of the Jim Crow laws. Morgan is writing to those who are on the fence of the race debate in the us The Claim- “Concluding that it is unnatural to incorporate blacks into the countries body politics?” A lot of what he wrote about involved telling what society should do but mostly what they shouldn’t do. Such as not giving africans rights. The Reason- Among the differences of color of skin which distinguishes races unmistakably, is least important The mental differences and differing traits, including the faculty of governing, forecast, enterprise, and the wide field of achievement in the arts and sciences, are accurately measured by the contrast of society. The Warrant- A majority of his writing involves his passion and belief of white supremacy. Strongly believing in the differences of whites to other races. “if they were not in the United States , there would be perfect peace and harmony amongst the people. Counterargument- The counterargument would most likely be that the integration of Africans and Whites would benefit society together. That sending Africans back to Africa would not help the United States. Rebuttal- The flaws in Morgans argument is that he just assumes the relations of the American people will instantly become better all because of africans being sent back. The relations between the north and the south would not change as much as he predicted.

The context of this piece is to respond to all of the negative comments and beliefs of the African American community of the time. Pointing out their perspective of the argument and the struggles they have to endure mentally and physically. The intended readers of this piece are probably of those of the community of the uninformed. Subject matter Possibly for African Americans but most likely not because most were not educated to read at the time. The author invokes emotion into the argument (pathos) by letting the reader to look from the perspective of the African American. Most of the argument seems to conjure Ethos and Pathos arguments. The emotional struggle of the African American being torn in half by personal beliefs and public beliefs. The writer also used his personal experience to explain the issue. The reason he does this because most of the experiences of African Americans went undocumented because of the lack of care by most literate people.

Hw 2/25

Growing up in a society that holds certain beliefs of a people certainly has an effect on those growing up. Holding two beliefs in their heart one positive and one negative can pull a person apart mentally. Facing daily criticism through others and oneself. Ones who are trying to make a name for themselves are faced with countless obstacles. The search for true freedom in a country where they are given so little is something to strive for. The only way one can escape this nightmare is through education. That is one of the few paths to save oneself. Hope is the one fuel to push forward. “The second decade of the American negro’s freedom was a period of conflict” Eventually finding higher meaning in an unjust system. Work, Culture, and Liberty are something still sought by.

CL 2/25

Discourse communities influence the speakers such as Hoffman being influenced by his discourse community to have matching results with his colleagues. Rewarding Hoffman with a position, monetary gains, and an ability to project himself to speak on the same subjects. The rewards from Hoffmans warrants are strongly connected to his discourse community.

The Race Question in the United States by John Tyler Morgan Morgan was a confederate general and a supporter of the Jim Crow laws. Morgan is writing to those who are on the fence of the race debate in the us The Claim- “Concluding that it is unnatural to incorporate blacks into the countries body politics?” A lot of what he wrote about involved telling what society should do but mostly what they shouldn’t do. The Reason- Among the differences of color of skin which distinguishes races unmistakably, is least important The mental differences and differing traits, including the faculty of governing, forecast, enterprise, and the wide field of achievement in the arts and sciences, are accurately measured by the contrast of society. The Warrant- A majority of his writing involves his passion and belief of white supremacy. Strongly believing in the differences of whites to other races. Counterargument- Rebuttal-

HW 2/20

The race question posed by the law mandating separate but equal facilities on interstate railroads. Other questions like “the women question” and “the labor question” posed many questions to society that were not yet fully defined by law. Certain bills that were passed that would “overeducate” africans. Social and political questions connected to the Africans generally were just physical differences and social differences compared to whites. The North American natives captivated the interests of many due to their social differences and inability to be enslaved. The quick absence of the natives intrigued many archeologists and others in the scientific community. As many as whole villages committing suicide to escape slavery. Most northerners wanted nothing to do with africans nor slavery. The talk of separation of races to different governments is quoted to conclude race differences.

CL 2/20

Hoffmans Race Amalgamation The Gap for this writing would be focused on how natural the sequence of a racial hierarchy is in a society. Hoffman is writing to other white supremacist. In this case he’s just preaching to the choir. I think the reason why Hoffman wrote this piece is because of what he thought of a dire situation of losing the white race. He just wants a system in which everyone has a purpose. Claim: The belief that race amalgamation is not good for society and leads to a destruction of society. Reason- He writes about how a more developed people/society will not willfully choose to intermingle with a less developed society. “The law of similarity” He also writes about the consequence of a mixed offspring

Warrant-The unstated belief that Hoffman carries definitely lies with white supremacy. There’s no doubt about that. He believes every race should stay separate.

The evidence he quotes is mainly just focused on other researchers who share similar beliefs. Bringing in opinions of Dr. Gould who was referred to in the previous chapters and brings up the metrics of the body head and chest.

HW 2/18

Race amalgamation- the scientific study of races prior to 1911 was nothing short of false claims and statistics. Hoffman said that he had no racial bias due to his German origins. Claiming that his statistics would lack prejudice and racial bias. whites were considered the “standard” in a most of the tests done on racial testing.

TMM- Again the studies base whites as the standard. Morton did not deem his procedure improper. Even though his studies favored certain groups over another. Rendering the entire study fruitless. The effort to insert some form of metric to push his beliefs. Excluding certain members like Chinese. Mortons Indian mean plummeted as well because of skewed statistics. Mortons four general categories. Many American polygenists had different views on slavery generally carrying northern views that still look don upon slaves.

CL 2/18

Prompt one: In your opinion, how do the activities of the individuals discussed in last night’s reading match Swales’s benchmarks for a discourse community? In the Mismesure of man the connection of the scientific community or the overall discourse community revolves around scientific study of the differences in man. Typically using the caucasian male as the standard of study. This would fall into the category of a discourse community having mechanisms of intercommunication among its members. Agassiz is clearly falling into the more political side of the differences between races. You can also see how this discourse community uses its information to provide feedback (number 3 of the six discourse communities). The feedback that Agassiz is trying to relay to society is that there is a place for every race in the world but the functions and abilities of each race are different even though we have equal rights. This can be seen when Agassiz says that “whites should have the mind jobs while blacks should occupy hand work” He also says the only test that is of value to society is a test of intelligence.

The ” knowledge” that this discourse community provided to society would be something along the lines of the continuation of a forced science that should provide society with answers of where it should lead to. This discourse community provides “educational studies” of the topic of races and where they belong in society.

The foundation of the Jim Crow laws has many roots. This specific discourse community certainly laid part of that foundation. The mismesure of man tells there is the distrust of the African American community. Saying that leaders shouldn’t be lenient on providing social equality to Africans or else they will gain a social privilege in the future. This text provided more fear than information to its readers. Fear was certainly tool used in this writing that provided more than enough feedback from lawmakers.

Hw 2/13

1 “The mulattos status of Courtney’s group and its members ability to pass as white”

2 His aim was to abolish all segregation laws as he thought they were unconstitutional.

3 Daniel F. Desdunes was traveling in a white only car white traveling interstate making it a federal case.

4 States have the power to regulate railroad companies operating solely in its boarders while Daniel had been crossing state lines thus making it a matter of the federal government.

5 Political rights are rights that we have in a political relationship with out government. Social rights are rights such as the ability to associate with who we want with no government intervention. Civil rights are nonpolitical rights for a person within a country. Occupying the middle ground between political and social rights.

6 Congress passed the civil rights act so the entire country could adopt the northerns economic system. They did this by allowing everyone to be able to make/agree to contracts and purchase land.

7 Although the 13th amendment make slavery illegal it never explicitly gave former slaves citizenship.

8 White butchers

Annotation- Racial prejudice might be as old as human history. The science of eighteen and nineteenth century views of race was greatly affected by society of the time. many group beliefs which involved prejudice of African Americans were common among the scientific community with some even trying to prove their beliefs by performing experiments for the answers they were wanting. Many American culture heroes embraced the ideal of a white only country such as Benjamin Franklin. Benjamin believed in a cultural difference while many others believed in a biological difference. Scientists also compared cultural differences in different races after discovering religion such as when Arabs exploded in culture and science after the rise of Islam. Many popular European scientists eventually found gratitude in American natural history. Louis Agassiz a great Swiss naturalist moved to the US to become a professor at Harvard. Agassiz later published his major statement on human races and later being accused as a defender of slavery.

CL 2/13

Some questions I had with this reading is how can you exactly prove if data is skewed or not or is it even possible to tell in your current time? There is so much data that humans have generated and collected and a common problem between businesses gathering data is deciding on how to use it. Looking at it from a business perspective it’s easier to determine because of the common goal to make a profit but how can we fact check ourselves if even our facts are wrong or skewed. There has to be a way to gather information without cultural malpractice being involved.

1 biological determinism is shared behavioral norms and the measurement of man by intelligence and single quantity. 2 Craniometry and psychological testing 3 The exclusion of southern and Eastern Europeans 4 groups in power can arrange for groups of people to be arranged by class while groups not in power were given an excuse for their reason of being not in power. Those not in power do not have an advantage 5 According to Gould on page 53, for the adherents of biological determinism, changes to a social and political system based on a racial caste system seen as an extension of nature is: both an enormous costs for individuals psychologically and enormous costs for society economically.

6 Two arguments Gould held on page 56 was the argument of real life having individuals having different abilities. The ranking of society would be better suited if races could develop slowly as that is the correct way to integrate and grow with society.

7 the measurement of intelligence between each person to find the groups of the disadvantaged. Also to determine who is of value to society. Groups of races, and sexes is not a sufficient way to determine these differences in groups.

8 Finish this sentence, which can be found on page 59: “In most cases discussed in this book, we can be fairly certain that biases—though often expressed as egregiously as in cases of fraud—were unknowingly influential and that scientists believed they were pursuing unsullied truth. 9 Biological limits- It takes the current status of groups as a measure of where they should and must be (even while it allows some rare individuals to rise as a consequence of their fortunate biology)

1 separate railroad carts would cause problems among the citizens and change the amount of efficiency. 2 he wanted to abolish the laws of segregation

HW 2/11

Scientists can be challenged to search for truths with either objective truths and find the the truth in their research or they can research as determinants only finding the truth they want to see with skewed data that furthers nothing besides their point. That is not the reason science was made and cannot be the way that it should continue. Much like history science can be changed because of culture and context if left unchecked.

Rhetoric came from Greece. With only certain classes of people allowed to use rhetoric until socrates came into the picture and tried teaching any class to use rhetoric. Many people believed that rhetoric would become meaningless if everyone learned rhetoric. You can apply the rhetorical strategies in writing in a more effective way.

CL 2/11

Mirabelli writes about exploring ways of manipulation and self presentation. exploding the idea of working and caring. How waiters and waitresses. Serving is more than serving, verbal and nonverbal cues have to be read and dealt with on a daily basis that can greatly affect business and the work flow. Menus with a foreign language buy servers time and help the servers gain a larger tip by allowing them the opportunity to help their guests.

I interprated that the readings are for those of a higher class of education. The reading describes youth workers, hotel workers, servers, cleaners, and other easily obtainable jobs that don’t require further education. The material is most likely towards colleagues. I say this because his readings are aimed towards those on the same level as he. Those who have not been involved in the service industry. Whom I’m guessing are those same colleagues.

CL 2/6

Stein is portraying himself not as an audience friendly writer. He uses sarcasm and rhetoric which can make a new reader uncomfortable if they don't agree with what stein is saying. Stein is pushing against the readers who don't agree and forcing them to look at the situation from another perspective. His use of irony also may go over some of the readers heads who aren't familiar with him.

 Stein thinks that his readers don't understand that American cooperations and the leaders of the country are not the underdogs of this time. There are countless countries besides the U.S. that have had a rougher history and more challenging obstacles. I believe that Stein is trying to get that idea that even though we aren't the underdogs doesn't mean we shouldn't love our country for what it is. Our country does have faults but we should try to improve it either way. 


Stein fills the gap by trying to get his readers to get on his side. Of moving the powerhouse teams instead of the underdogs. To love America because we are good at what we do. Just like the yankees being made up of multiple members of different backgrounds and skills America is the mixing pot of the world.

HW 2/4

Learning to serve – The assumption that waitresses and waiters are ignorant and stupid is something that should’t be assumed. Although many waiters cannot use their skills to assume other roles in society such as a physicist or astronomer but there is still a valuable place in society. These roles require skills and attributes that are valuable in the role of servers.

CL 2/4

I feel I still agree with what I said before about question 2. Stein still is not being a friendly writer but he is making points with rhetoric that can be understood on both sides. His point either makes you agree with him instantly or disagree and see his point. He still wants to project himself as someone you want to disagree with but he lays out the facts of his argument.

 the danger of an essay like this is that it can be interpreted wrong if the reader of the piece isn't familiar with steins background. The use of irony and sarcasm can be taken quite literally and can drastically change the interpretation of the piece. Readers can understand his irony and satire of the essay or not understand and disagree completely.

CL 1/30

Stein was writing towards those who share similar views. The article was written for Time which is a generally left leaning magizine of which the average American will pick up and agree with. Stein is inciting action towards his readers. What could go wrong with this though is that he’s not exactly saying what his readers should do which can incite harmful actions. The readers who read the article but were not familiar with steins work could be inclined to for a wrong type of action.

2 Stein is portraying himself not as an audience friendly writer. He uses sarcasm and rhetoric which can make a new reader uncomfortable if they don’t agree with what stein is saying. Stein is pushing against the readers who don’t agree and forcing them to look at the situation from another perspective. His use of irony also may go over some of the readers heads who aren’t familiar with him.

Triangle- Stein thinks that his readers don’t understand that American cooperations and the leaders of the country are not the underdogs of this time. There are countless countries besides the U.S. that have had a rougher history and more challenging obstacles. I believe that Stein is trying to get that idea that even though we aren’t the underdogs doesn’t mean we shouldn’t love our country for what it is. Our country does have faults but we should try to improve it either way.

Stein fills the gap by trying to get his readers to get on his side. Of moving the powerhouse teams instead of the underdogs. To love America because we are good at what we do. Just like the yankees being made up of multiple members of different backgrounds and skills America is the mixing pot of the world.

I feel I still agree with what I said before about question 2. Stein still is not being a friendly writer but he is making points with rhetoric that can be understood on both sides. His point either makes you agree with him instantly or disagree and see his point. He still wants to project himself as someone you want to disagree with but he lays out the facts of his argument.

7 the danger of an essay like this is that it can be interpreted wrong if the reader of the piece isn’t familiar with steins background. The use of irony and sarcasm can be taken quite literally and can drastically change the interpretation of the piece. Readers can understand his irony and satire of the essay or not understand and disagree completely.

HW 1/30

John Swales, a writer who is known for his probing of genre analysis. He holds a degree is psychology but primarily focused a majority of his career on English literature and its understanding and continues to be an active scholar in the field. Some issues the article is trying to address are understand how language practices mediate group activities, to gain tools for examining texts from various discourse groups, understanding that writing and research are a process that can never peak on improvement. I believe the audience Swales is speaking to are English majors, writers, and, academic majors in similar fields. The gap Swales imagined between himself and his readers involved basic definitions and understandings towards those descriptions. Explaining in laymen terms what a discourse community is and what repercussions you can expect from jumping from one community and another. Swales explains that there will be differences in speech, terms and even how you should attempt to interoperate a movie with friends.

HW 1/28

Swales talks about the differences in communities and how common beliefs, understandings, and interpretations tie into the closeness of a group. He explains that there can be potential problems if one person does not match those similarities tying the group together. Explaining that one person from discourse communities such as switching from a biology class to a religion class. Though the two discourse communities collide in beliefs and understanding one has the ability to navigate through both as long as he or she has a collective understanding of what both groups offer.

CL 1/28

Joel Stein addresses his intended audience of American citizens in the beginning of the first paragraph. Bringing up American celeberties ,teams, superstores and, fast food restaurants. Topics that virtually every American is familiar with.

Stein compares the Yankees baseball team to the United States finding common ground between himself and his readers. Comparing readers who may have immigrant relatives that traveled to America for a better life just as A-Rod did when he joined the Yankees.

I would agree that stein does compare to last nights reading. By finding a common ground among the readers. He certainly found common ideas and had already aimed at what argument he intended his readers to respond to. he used a very informal style while not supplying an overbearing amount of facts to support his argument. Stein wrote this toward people who are similar ideals.

Hw 1/21

Things that make me comfortable in a classroom-When we are directly told what our homework assignments are, chill professors, when professors write in bulleted notes.

Things that make me uncomfortable in a classroom- Quiet classroom, being called on when I don’t know the answer, professor walking up and down.

This piece talks about arguments, audience and how you wish to aim your argument. there are three types of ways a writer can write towards their audience. One is to write to an audience that does not agree with the writer. They will try to persuade his or her readers to the writers side in the argument. Then there are writers who write to those who share similar views and don’t wish to argue but to have their writers listen and agree. Lastly, there are writers who wish to understand both sides of the argument and try to talk out the differences in understanding of the topic.

CL2 1/21

Joel Stein is an American journalist who has written books such as “In Defense of elitism” with the intention of swaying the opinions of many yankee haters while simultaneously comparing the yankees to the United States. I feel he does not treat the opposing perspective fairly but very loud and provoking tone. Often challenging common views and beliefs. Stein makes his opinion on the current war in Afghanistan and Iraq. Comparing the Yankees likeness to America.

HW 1/16

72-87 Talking of race relations in the United States. The talk of northerners contesting the political influence of African Americans. Self government for African Americans and whites is said to cure the disagreements between the two. Fredrick Hoffman an expert statistic analyzer. he offered a freedom of personal bias by being German. Different scientific opinions on the mixture of race whether it would improve or destroy society. measuring the differences in physicality between Africans, Whites and mixed races with almost every time the mixed race meeting between the two. The question of whether a white man should marry a black woman and wonderful response of “that’s their business”. This response made me smile. Rhetoric is about using language in the most effective way.

hw 1/16

This piece showed a lot of the racism in history. There are experiments if they can be even called experiments due to their ability to ump to conclusions so easily of the study. Trying to prove their own beliefs by backing up with science. The harsh history of America is shown through the texts as African Americans were tested and given poor intelligence score due to their lack of education which was forced through society.

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